• Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally tractable apicomplexan

  2022-01-17

  

  Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally tractable apicomplexan parasite that expresses a limited yet representative subset of apicomplexan cyclase orthologs, making it an ideal model for investigating cyclic nucleotide signaling in Apicomplexa. Of the five putative nucleotide cyclases, only TgACα1 and

• Since KYNA concentrations are increased by aerobic exercise

  2022-01-17

  

  Since KYNA concentrations are increased by aerobic exercise training, we have investigated if it plays a role in peripheral tissue metabolism. Here we show that KYNA regulates adipose tissue energy homeostasis through activation of Gpr35. Activation of this network stimulates the expression of lipid

• ACP-196 For some agonists these stable GPR responses were

  2022-01-17

  

  For some agonists, these stable GPR119 responses were resistant to washing. Thus, sustained activation could continue, for at least a number of hours, even after removal of free agonist. These data are consistent with reports for other GPCR systems that do not desensitize (Calebiro et al., 2009, Fer

• Because HIV does not infect neurons

  2022-01-17

  

  Because HIV does not infect neurons, the neurotoxicity in HAND is thought to result from the neuroinflammation evoked by the release of viral proteins and cytokines from infected microglia and macrophages (Ellis et al., 2007; Saylor et al., 2016). Viral tropism is determined by gp120 binding to CD4

• Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is currently

  2022-01-17

  

  Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is currently considered to be a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase involved in a wide spectrum of cellular processes such as glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, neuronal function, oncogenesis or embryonic development (for recent reviews see: Rayasam et al.

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Russian Fo

  2022-01-17

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research [grant number 16-04-00205], The Russian Science Foundation [grant number 16-15-00235], Czech Academy of Sciences [grant number RVO 61388963], and the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic [grant number TE010200

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporos

  2022-01-17

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is primarily caused by 63 7 sale deficiency, has been a worldwide health problem and threatens postmenopausal women of all races. An estimated 80% of osteoporosis patients in the United States are women, and approximately 30% of p

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporos

  2022-01-17

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is primarily caused by calcium ionophore deficiency, has been a worldwide health problem and threatens postmenopausal women of all races. An estimated 80% of osteoporosis patients in the United States are women, and approximately

• br Results br Discussion In this study we

  2022-01-17

  

  Results Discussion In this study, we investigated the role of galanin and GAL2 receptors on anxiety-like behaviours mediated by the dorsal hippocampus of rats. We showed that locally administered galanin (1 nmol) decreased exploration of the open arms in the EPM, suggesting an anxiogenic-like

• bafilomycin In the intestine ethanol exposure can change the

  2022-01-17

  

  In the intestine, ethanol exposure can change the composition of gut microbiota and promotes the growth of intestinal gram-negative bacteria, which results in the accumulation of endotoxins such as, LPS. Ethanol also impacts the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, increasing intestina

• br Promotion of GLS expression Glutamine

  2022-01-17

  

  Promotion of GLS2 expression Glutamine metabolism is another target for alteration in ferroptosis. Glutamine is required for the induction of ferroptosis during serum-induced injury after amino Ketoconazole starvation [72]. The first step of glutamine catabolism is its conversion to glutamate, wh

• The effect of combined A and PD treatment on the

  2022-01-15

  

  The effect of combined A-192621 and PD 155080 treatment on the Carbidopa australia during endotoxin infusion is quite different compared to either drug used alone (Wanecek et al., 1999). After administration of both antagonists in combination, cardiac index increased to baseline values within 30 min

• While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST the

  2022-01-15

  

  While considering the molecular pathogenesis of an MPNST, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, mTOR/AKT, p53, and PTEN pathways associated with tumor growth have been described (McCubrey et al., 2012). The involvement of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and TAM receptor families, and its associated molecular

• br Conflicts of interest br Significance p is required for

  2022-01-15

  

  Conflicts of interest Significance p53 is required for the induction of cell senescence to limit the proliferation of polyploid cells. We found that Hippo signal deficiency or Yap activation in mouse livers result in polyploid formation and polyploid cell growth. The combined loss of Hippo sig

• Bilirubin In the adult normal spinal cord the resident cells

  2022-01-15

  

  In the adult normal spinal cord, the resident cells mainly include neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia and microglia (Lecca et al., 2012, Miyagi et al., 2012). After SCI, the lesion microenvironment is complex, which includes the functional changes of CNS resident cells and the infiltration of leuk

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