• br Conclusion br References and

  2023-07-26

  

  Conclusion References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements Introduction Nucleosome, the basic chromatin unit, is composed of DNA and core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) and organized into

• br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe

  2023-07-26

  

  Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc

• Recently Kamoshita et al evaluated a mouse model of retinal

  2023-07-26

  

  Recently, Kamoshita et al. (2016) evaluated a mouse model of retinal neuronal disturbance with the intraperitoneal injection of LPS and found that treatment with AICAR suppressed the reduction of conical function and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α as well as improved mRNA levels of the mitochondrial

• In addition AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates

  2023-07-26

  

  In addition, AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates apoptotic and autophagic pathways through the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which regulates cellular metabolic homeostasis, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis (Maiese, 2016). mTOR is th

• br Neurological development and BCAAs Glutamate is

  2023-07-26

  

  Neurological development and BCAAs Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and BCAAs (especially leucine) function to synthesize glutamate in astrocytes around neurons, since leucine enters the brain from the blood more rapidly than other PF-562271 and provides ∼25% o

• Targeted disruption of the Akt

  2023-07-26

  

  Targeted disruption of the Akt1 gene in mice induces a growth retardation phenotype [4,19]. Akt2 KO mice reveal mild growth retardation and insulin resistance [4,20,21]. Akt1/2 double KO (DKO) mice display severe growth deficiency and die shortly after birth. These mice exhibit impaired bone and ski

• Mechanistically NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuro

  2023-07-26

  

  Mechanistically, NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuronal activity presumably via α1-AR. The majority of α1-ARs are found in the VTA are located presynaptically on unmyelinated Agarose GPG/LMP low melt and axon terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, α1-ARs are also found

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within the

  2023-07-26

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and L-745,870 trihydrochloride (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 19

• br Funding This work was

  2023-07-26

  

  Funding This work was supported by Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA. Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS); they have various modulatory functions in drug reinforcement, appetitive behaviors, stress, moo

• In earlier experiments on snails a behavioral model was empl

  2023-07-26

  

  In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni

• everolimus Brain biopsy was performed from the white matter

  2023-07-26

  

  Brain biopsy was performed from the white matter lesion around the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle, and revealed inflammatory demyelination, such as myelin loss with relative preservation of axons, astrocytosis immnolabeled by everolimus against glial fibrillary acidic protein, infiltr

• br ACK signaling partners ACK interacts with and

  2023-07-26

  

  ACK1 signaling partners ACK1 interacts with and tyrosine phosphorylates many cellular proteins regulating critical cellular processes [11]. While ACK1 shares common intracellular effectors such as AKT with other signaling pathways, it imparts specificity to signaling by phosphorylating effectors

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments This work was sup

  2023-07-26

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by research grant [PR26/20326] from Santander Bank/UCM. The authors would like to thank Miguel Capo, Professor of Toxicology from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, for his counseling during the preparation of the present work.

• Another open question is whether GABA and ACh

  2023-07-26

  

  Another open question is whether GABA and ACh are released from the same synaptic vesicles, or even the same presynaptic terminals. Multi-transmitter neurons may either function through co-release, in which multiple neurotransmitters are packaged into the same presynaptic terminal and are therefore

• br Acknowledgments This work was

  2023-07-26

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project no. PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0571, awarded to F.A.M. D.V.N. was co-financed from the European Social Fund through Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources Develo

16631 records 328/1109 page Previous Next First page 上5页 326327328329330 下5页 Last page