• The basis for the protonation

  2024-07-06

  

  The basis for the protonation of chitosan is the alkaline primary amino group, which is also the reason for the special properties of chitosan (Guibal, Van Vooren, Dempsey, & Roussy, 2006; Tamer et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2014). Our previous work (Meng et al., 2012) and several other reports (Yan et

• The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories

  2024-07-06

  

  The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories of compounds at different stages of development [1], [9], [10], [96]. In Table 1 we summarize the most promising antifungal molecules that are in preclinical and in clinical development. Several compounds in the pipeline are derivatives of

• Platelet derived growth factor PDGF and ciliary neurotrophic

  2024-07-06

  

  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are expressed by glial ARQ 197 and are important to neuron survival and the maintenance of oligodendrocytes. These neurotrophic factors contribute to the remyelination process by increasing the proliferation of oligodendro

• Circular dichroism CD provides useful information about prot

  2024-07-06

  

  Circular dichroism (CD) provides useful information about protein structure, the extent and rate of structural changes and ligand binding. CD is a form of light 5-Methyl-UTP spectroscopy that measures differences in the absorbance of right- and left-circularly polarized light (rather than the commo

• br Conflict of interest br Financial

  2024-07-05

  

  Conflict of interest Financial Support The work is supported by research grants from Clinical Key Specialty Project of China and Clinical Medical Center of Suzhou, China (Szzx201502) and Jiangsu Province Special Program of Medical Science, China (BE2016672). Introduction Recently, function

• COPD is almost unheard of in

  2024-07-05

  

  COPD is almost unheard of in individuals less than 40 years of age (even among heavy smokers), 1 in 10 lifetime never-smokers and 1 in 3 develop COPD by age 75 [26], unquestionably, COPD is an age-related disorder. This notion of accelerated ageing of COPD is supported by animal models, which demons

• There is a growing literature

  2024-07-05

  

  There is a growing literature on ABCA2 expression in human biopsies, where it has been described as a potential biomarker of leukemias. In childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ABCA2 and ABCA3 were expressed at high levels, which upon treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine and doxorubicin

• Metformin s pluripotent roles are alluded to in terms of

  2024-07-05

  

  Metformin's pluripotent roles are alluded to in terms of its antitumorigenic, glucose-lowering, and cardioprotective effects, which are due in part to its upregulation of AMPK activity [39,40]. Metformin's glucose-lowering effect is a result of reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas improved insul

• Another significant group of reductase

  2024-07-05

  

  Another significant group of 5α-reductase inhibitors is the steroidal 3-carboxylic L-365,260 synthesis derivatives (relevant examples in Fig. 5), which were designed to mimic the putative enzyme-bound enolate intermediate. This was achieved by introducing sp2-hybridized centers at C3 and C4 and an

• However there are studies revealing

  2024-07-05

  

  However, there are studies revealing the “dark side” of autophagy at later stages in cancers, when oncogenes (mainly K-ras and B-raf) are activated and/or tumour suppressors such as PTEN and p53 are inactivated. These studies are based on the use of GEMM and deletions of essential autophagy genes (A

• Another heroic set of studies combining retrodialysis with e

  2024-07-05

  

  Another heroic set of studies combining retrodialysis with electrophysiological recording at two distinct brain sites further indicated that the estradiol-induced increase in auditory-evoked firing in NCM also enhanced the selectivity of auditory-evoked responses in the downstream sensorimotor nucle

• Neural activity resulting from sensory experience

  2024-07-04

  

  Neural activity resulting from sensory experience is required for the refinement and maturation of neural circuits during cortical critical periods. This refinement is thought to be important for functional optimization of primary sensory cortices, enabling critical functions such as feature detecti

• Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly

  2024-07-04

  

  Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestrated process that involves myoblast proliferation, α-Bungarotoxin receptor withdrawal, expression of muscle-specific genes, and fusion into multinucleated myofibers (Horsley and Pavlath, 2004; Krauss, 2010). The maintenance of muscle mass i

• QS 11 Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of H

  2024-07-04

  

  Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of 5-HT in ureteral contractility, the source of endogenous 5-HT in the ureter is unclear. Since 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells, which are present in the gastrointestinal tract, could not be found in the ureter (Nocito et al., 2007, Ripoche,

• The activation of P Rs

  2024-07-04

  

  The activation of P1Rs modulates the activity of many ion channels and receptors (Sebastião and Ribeiro, 2009) and the recent detection of P1Rs at the postsynaptic level of the adult NMJ (Garcia et al., 2014) makes potentially possible an adenosine-mediated modulation of the nicotinic EIPA mg recep

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